Amakimbirane ya geopolitike yo mu myaka yashize yangije inganda z’ibyuma zo muri Ukraine.Imibare y’ishyirahamwe ry’ibyuma ku isi ryerekana ko mu cyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, umusaruro w’ibyuma bya Ukraine wagereranije toni zisaga miliyoni 50 ku mwaka;muri 2021, umusaruro wibyuma bya peteroli wari wagabanutse kugera kuri toni miliyoni 21.4.Ingaruka z’amakimbirane ya geopolitike, zimwe mu nganda z’ibyuma za Ukraine zarasenyutse, ndetse n’umusaruro w’ibyuma bya peteroli mu 2022 nawo wagabanutse kugera kuri toni miliyoni 6.3, ukamanuka kugera kuri 71%.Nk’uko imibare y’ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi bw’ibyuma bya Ukraine (Ukrmetalurgprom) ibigaragaza, mbere ya Gashyantare 2022, Ukraine ifite inganda zirenga 10 nini nini nini nini, zifite ingufu za toni miliyoni 25.3, kandi nyuma y’amakimbirane amaze gutangira igihugu. inganda esheshatu zonyine zisigaye zifite ibyuma bitanga umusaruro wa toni hafi miliyoni 17.Icyakora, dukurikije raporo iheruka gusohoka y’ishyirahamwe ry’ibyuma ku isi raporo y’igihe gito isabwa yashyizwe ahagaragara mu Kwakira uyu mwaka, iterambere ry’inganda z’ibyuma muri Ukraine riragenda ryiyongera kandi rihagaze neza.Ibi birashobora gutanga imbaraga mu kugarura inganda z’ibyuma mu gihugu.
Gahunda yo kwiyubaka ifasha ibyuma bikenera gutera imbere.
Ibikenerwa mu byuma muri Ukraine byateye imbere, byungukirwa na gahunda yo kongera kubaka igihugu, n'ibindi.Imibare yatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi n’ibyuma bya Ukraine ryerekanye ko umusaruro w’ibyuma bya Ukraine mu mezi 10 ya mbere ya 2023 wari toni miliyoni 5.16, ugabanukaho 11.7% umwaka ushize;umusaruro w'icyuma cy'ingurube wari toni miliyoni 4.91, wagabanutseho 15,6% umwaka ushize;umusaruro w'ibyuma wari toni miliyoni 4.37, wagabanutseho 13% umwaka ushize.Kuva kera, hafi 80% byibicuruzwa byuma bya Ukraine byoherejwe hanze.Mu mwaka ushize, kubera gukuba kabiri imisoro ya gari ya moshi zitwara ibicuruzwa no guhagarika ibyambu mu karere k'Inyanja Yirabura, amasosiyete y'ibyuma yo muri iki gihugu yatakaje inzira zoroshye kandi zihenze zohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.
Nyuma yo gusenya ibikorwa remezo by’ingufu, amasosiyete menshi y’ibyuma mu gihugu yahatiwe guhagarika.Icyakora, hamwe na gahunda y’ingufu za Ukraine zongeye gukora, benshi mu bakora amashanyarazi muri iki gihugu bashoboye guhaza amashanyarazi akenewe mu nganda, ariko haracyakenewe kunozwa uburyo bwo gutanga ingufu.Byongeye kandi, inganda z’icyuma mu gihugu zikeneye byihutirwa kuvugurura urwego rutanga no gushyiraho inzira nshya z’ibikoresho.Kugeza ubu, bimwe mu bigo by’igihugu bimaze kongera gushyiraho inzira zo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga binyuze ku byambu by’Uburayi ndetse n’icyambu cya Izmir kiri kuri Danube yo hepfo mu majyepfo ya Ukraine, bituma ubushobozi bw’ibanze.
Isoko nyamukuru ryibyuma bya Ukraine nibicuruzwa byuma byahoze ari akarere k’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, kandi ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga birimo ubutare bw’ibyuma, ibicuruzwa bitarangiye, n'ibindi.Kubwibyo, iterambere ryinganda zibyuma bya Ukraine biterwa ahanini nubukungu bwifashe mukarere ka EU.Kuva mu ntangiriro za 2023, amasosiyete icyenda manini yo mu Burayi y’ibyuma yatangaje ko yongeye gutangira cyangwa kugarura ubushobozi bw’umusaruro, kubera ko ububiko bwa bamwe mu bacuruzi b’i Burayi bwagabanutse mu Kuboza 2022.Hamwe no kugarura umusaruro wibyuma, ibiciro byibyuma byagaragaye ko hiyongereyeho ubutare bwibyuma biva mumasosiyete yuburayi.Kubera kuziba ibyambu byo mu nyanja y’umukara, isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi naryo rikomeje gushyirwa imbere n’amasosiyete acukura amabuye y'agaciro yo muri Ukraine.Nk’uko ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi bw’ibyuma muri Ukraine ribiteganya, mu 2023, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga by’ibicuruzwa by’ibyuma bizagera kuri 53%, biteganijwe ko kongera kohereza ibicuruzwa byiyongera;umusaruro w'ibyuma wose nawo uziyongera kugera kuri toni miliyoni 6.5, icyambu nyuma yo gufungura amahirwe yo gukuba kabiri.
Ibigo bimwe byatangiye gutegura gahunda yo kongera umusaruro.
Nubwo bigoye ko umusaruro w’ibyuma bya Ukraine ugaruka vuba kurwego mbere yuko amakimbirane atangira, ibigo bimwe na bimwe byo muri iki gihugu byatangiye gutegura gahunda yo kongera umusaruro.
Imibare yatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi bw’ibyuma bya Ukraine ryerekana ko mu 2022, impuzandengo y’imikoreshereze y’imikoreshereze y’umwaka inganda z’ibyuma zo muri Ukraine zizaba 30% gusa.Inganda z’icyuma mu gihugu zirimo kwerekana ibimenyetso byambere byateye imbere mu 2023 mugihe amashanyarazi ahamye.Muri Gashyantare 2023, umusaruro w’ibyuma bya peteroli by’amasosiyete yo muri Ukraine wiyongereyeho 49.3% ukwezi ku kwezi, ugera kuri toni 424.000;umusaruro w'ibyuma wiyongereyeho 30% ukwezi-ukwezi, ugera kuri toni 334.000.
Amasosiyete acukura amabuye y'agaciro yiyemeje kugarura ibikoresho by’umurongo.Kugeza ubu, amasosiyete ane acukura amabuye y'agaciro no gutunganya munsi ya Metinvest Group aracyatanga umusaruro usanzwe, hamwe no gukoresha ubushobozi bwa 25% kugeza 40%.Itsinda rirateganya kugarura ubushobozi bwamabuye y'agaciro kugeza 30% byurwego rwabanjirije amakimbirane mugihe hibandwa ku musaruro wa pellet.Muri Werurwe 2023, umurongo wa kabiri wo gukora pellet wa Ferrexpo, ukora ubucuruzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro muri Ukraine, watangiye gukoreshwa.Kugeza ubu, isosiyete ifite imirongo 4 y’umusaruro wa pellet mu musaruro, kandi igipimo cyo gukoresha ubushobozi kigeze kuri 50%.
Amasosiyete yo mu bice bikomeye byo gukora ibyuma aracyafite ingaruka nyinshi
Ku bijyanye n'ibihe biriho, mu bice bikuru bitanga ibyuma muri Ukraine nka Zaporozh, Krivoy Rog, Nikopol, Dnipro, na Kamiansk, haracyari amasosiyete y'ibyuma ahura n'ibikorwa remezo n'ibikorwa remezo by'ingufu.Ingaruka nko gusenya no guhagarika ibikoresho.
Kwubaka inganda bikurura ishoramari ryinshi mumahanga
Nubwo amakimbirane y’Uburusiya na Ukraine yateje igihombo kinini mu nganda z’ibyuma bya Ukraine, amasosiyete y’ibyuma yo muri Ukraine aracyafite icyizere cy’ejo hazaza.Abashoramari b’ibihugu by’amahanga na bo bafite icyizere ku bijyanye n’inganda z’ibyuma bya Ukraine.Bamwe mu bahanga bavuga ko kongera kubaka inganda z’ibyuma bya Ukraine bizakurura miliyari icumi z’amadolari mu ishoramari.
Muri Gicurasi 2023, mu ihuriro ry’ubucuruzi bw’ubwubatsi ryabereye i Kiev, SMC, ishami rya Metinvest Group, ryatanze ku mugaragaro gahunda yo kongera kubaka igihugu yiswe "Inzozi z’icyuma".Isosiyete irateganya gukora ubwoko 13 bw’inyubako zubatswe n’ibyuma, harimo inyubako zo guturamo (dortoir n’amahoteri), amazu y’ibikorwa remezo (amashuri, amashuri y'incuke, amavuriro), hamwe na parikingi, ibikoresho bya siporo n’uburaro.SMC iteganya ko Ukraine izakenera toni zigera kuri miliyoni 3,5 z'ibyuma kugira ngo hubakwe amazu yo mu ngo n'ibikorwa remezo, bizatwara imyaka 5 kugeza ku 10.Mu mezi atandatu ashize, abafatanyabikorwa bagera kuri 50 mu gihugu binjiye mu gikorwa cya Steel Dream, barimo uruganda rukora ibyuma, abakora ibikoresho byo mu nzu ndetse n’abakora ibikoresho byubaka.
Muri Werurwe 2023, Itsinda rya Posco Holdings ryo muri Koreya y'Epfo ryashyizeho itsinda ry’umurimo wa "Ukraine Recovery", ryibanda ku mishinga ijyanye n’imishinga itanu minini harimo ibyuma bya Ukraine, ingano, ibikoresho bya batiri ya kabiri, ingufu n’ibikorwa remezo.Posco Holdings irateganya kwitabira imishinga yo kubungabunga ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije.Koreya yepfo na Ukraine nazo zizafatanya gushakisha uburyo bwubaka bwububiko bwububiko bwibyuma, bityo bigabanye cyane igihe cyo kubaka imirimo yo kwiyubaka.Nuburyo bwubaka bwubaka, ubwubatsi bwa modula bwabanje gukora 70% kugeza 80% byibikoresho byibyuma muruganda hanyuma bikabijyana aho biteranira.Ibi birashobora kugabanya igihe cyo kubaka 60%, kandi ibyuma nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa neza.
Muri kamena 2023, mu nama yo kugarura Ukraine yabereye i Londere mu Bwongereza, Itsinda rya Metinvest na Primetals Technologies ryinjiye ku mugaragaro "Green Recovery of Steel Industry Industry".Ihuriro ni gahunda yemewe ya guverinoma ya Ukraine kandi igamije gushyigikira iyubakwa ry’inganda z’icyuma muri iki gihugu kandi amaherezo ikazamura inganda za Ukraine binyuze mu guhindura icyatsi cy’inganda z’icyuma.
Biteganijwe ko bizatwara Ukraine miliyari 20 US $ kugeza kuri miliyari 40 US $ gushiraho urwego rw’icyatsi kibisi.Urunigi rw'agaciro nirurangira, Ukraine iteganijwe gutanga toni zigera kuri miliyoni 15 za "icyatsi kibisi" ku mwaka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-20-2023